The public sector has played a crucial role in job creation over the past year, accounting for 75% of new positions created. This situation highlights a strong dynamic in public employment, despite the challenges encountered by various branches. This article examines the reasons and impacts of this growth, while analyzing evolving trends in the public employment market.
Public jobs growing strongly
The latest statistics show a significant increase in public employment, with around 165,000 new positions created in just two years. This spectacular increase is largely due to a growing need to replace retirements, which concern more than 30% of civil servants in place in 2000. By 2030, recruitment needs are expected to be around 800,000 jobs each year, both to compensate for departures and to respond to employment dynamics.
A concentration in large urban areas
The report on employment and territories highlights a concentration of employment in large urban areas. This trend contributes to a growing disconnect between the location of jobs and rural areas or small towns. Despite this, local authorities also participated in this expansion with 16,300 jobs created over a short period. This geographic disparity highlights the importance of a balanced employment strategy between urban and rural areas.
The challenges of the informal sector
The expansion of public employment is not without challenges. Frictions with public officials, particularly in the commerce and transport sectors, reflect the difficulties encountered by workers in the informal sector. Although these branches are crucial for the economy, they are subject to more intense constraints, requiring reinforced support from public policies to stabilize these jobs.
The importance of functional jobs
THE functional jobs occupy a preponderant place in territorial administration. As an example, 34% of territorial administrators are in functional positions, with a feminization rate of 34.4% in 2017. These figures show a certain stability and a desire to diversify talents in the public sector, thus contributing to its dynamism.
Competitiveness and overtime
Between 2002 and 2005, more than 50,000 public jobs were created, illustrating a phase of active expansion. Managing working time, particularly overtime and time savings accounts, has become a major issue. Reducing public spending while maintaining the competitiveness and efficiency of the public sector remains a central challenge.
The evolution of public employment over the decades
Since the 1970s, the public sector has experienced several phases of boom and bust. The rate of public job creation declined sharply during the 1980s, before regaining a certain stability. The OECD employment study reveals that despite these fluctuations, the public sector continues to play a central role in the economy, particularly in times of economic crisis where the flexibility and security of public employment are essential. essential assets.
The future of public employment
By 2030, projections show that the public sector will need to continue to evolve to meet the growing needs of the population. The modernization of public services, the integration of new technologies, and the continuing training of public officials will be key elements to support this growth.
